Yet Saudi kings, despite the lack of constitutional constraints on them, are far from absolute rulers. They have,
first of all, to account to the Wahhabist religious establishment that has been their traditional legitimation. This can be a serious handicap. King Fahd, who ruled from 1982 until last Au Christian Louboutin Sandals, is said to have lavished favour on
religious causes to atone for his own youthful reputation for high living. And although kings appoint senior
members of the clergy, they have no direct oversight of the 700 judgcheap coach bags,o run the sharia courts, the backbone of the Saudi legal system and the bane of reformers.
The king must also answer to his own enormous family. By tradition, succession is not vertical, passing to sons,
but horizontal, passing to brothers in order of age or, sometimes, merit. During the 52 years since the death of the kingdom's founder, many of his sons, of whom a dozen are still in line for possible succession, have used their long wait to createcheap coach bags,owerful fiefs. Prince Salman, now 69, has been governor of Riyadh since 1962. His full brothers include Sultan, the 81-year-old crown prince, who has been minister of defence since 1962, and Prince Nayef, minister of the interior since 1975. All have appointed theirChristian Louboutin Sandalswn sons to top posts.
It is often claimed that these full brothers, called Sudairis after the family name of their joint mother, have stood in opposition to other princes. As crown prince, for example, Abdullah, who has no full brothers, was forced into some humiliating retreats from initiatives he had sponsored, even after the 1995 stroke that incapacitated King Fahd (another Sudairi) and left Abdullah supposedly in charge. But some analysts identify at least five competing
spheres of power within the ruling family. This, it is said, explains the sometimes echeap coach bags,tic course of Saudi policy,
with reforms being promised and then retracted. Elections to municipal councils, for instance, were first mooted in the 1970s, but held only last year, and then only for half the seats.
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