he Al Sauds rewarded the clerics' loyalty well. Wahhabists were given full control of criminal and kobe 6 grinch,
onal justice and extensive influence over education. Wahhabist schools and sharia courts supplanted older institutions across the kingdom. The powers of the mutawaa or religious police were widened, and rules on such things as female drReebok Shoes,s more rigidly enforced. Huge sums went to religious causes, from the founding of Islamic universities to the building of mosques and the expansion of pilgrimage facilities. In the 1980s funding was increased further by King Fahd, who wanted to bury his previous reputation for moral laxity but also saw a threat to the kingdom's primacy among Muslims from revolutionary Iran.
But the clerics' loyalty came at a cost. Students in the new institutions began to question tReebok zig, scriptural basis for their support of the Al Sauds and their policies. Some turned to the ultra-puritan ideas of earlier Wahhabist rebels, but the lavish state patronage also attracted foreigners, who brought with them new ideological currents and a modern take on Islamic governance. Thousands of Muslim Brothers, persecuted in Egypt and Syria, found refuge in the kingdom. They included Muhammad Qutb, whose better-known brother, Sayyid Qutb, was hanged in Egypt for teaching that jihad must be waged against Muslim rulers who stray from Islam. Muhammad Qutb taught for yearkobe 6 grinch, Mecca's Umm al Qura University. His ardent followers included Osama bin Laden, his deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri and the populist Saudi preacher Safar Hawali.
The 1970s and 80s saw the quiet emergence of a youthful counter-movement to official Wahhabism. Known as the sahwa, or awakening, it came into sudden full view during the 1990-91 Gulf crisis. Preachers such as Mr Hawali g Air Max 90,d instant prestige from their opposition to the alliance with infidel America and their demands for political reform within a new model of an Islamic state. Their outspoken views inspired a wave of activism, including attacks on shops selling videos and satellite dishes. In a crackdown in the mid-1990s, many young activists were imprisoned or fled abroad. The heavy-handed response pushed some activists, such as Mr bin Laden and his followers, towards terrorism, and the Al Sauds themselves became a prime target.
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